晋江市社区中老年2型糖尿病患者饮食健康教育需求群体特征及干预策略分析

Objective To investigate and analyze the dietary management ability, compliance and educational needs of the elderly type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2 DM) patients in the communities of Jinjiang City, and to provide a basis for formulating scientific and reasonable dietary intervention plans. Methods Two communities were randomly selected from the community of Anhai Town in Jinjiang City. A total of 307 individuals who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were conveniently recruited. 291 valid questionnaires were retrieved and included in the analysis. The survey was conducted using the Type 2 Diabetes Diet Management Scale and the Type 2 Diabetes Diet Behavior Compliance Assessment Scale. Stratified analysis was performed based on demographic characteristics such as gender, age, educational level, and whether they had received health education. Results The overall score rates of the subjects' dietary management ability and dietary compliance were 68.05% and 61.89% respectively. The overall mean scores were(50.97±6.64) and(71.17±13.26) respectively. Through inter-group stratified analysis, it was found that there were statistically significant differences in the above two variables between the groups with different educational levels and those who had received health education(P<0.05). Meanwhile, there was no statistically significant difference in dietary compliance among different marital status groups(P>0.05). Conclusion Portrait of high-risk T2 DM patients in Jinjiang City: Those with a junior high school education and below, who have not received health education, and whose disease duration is no more than 10 years, should be given priority for intervention. By using the “prohibited and permitted list” of local ingredients and “cooking videos” to lower the understanding threshold, it is possible to precisely match the dietary education needs of this group.