南京地区老年2型糖尿病患者并发糖尿病视网膜病变的流行病学特征及其影响因素分析

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of diabetic retinopathy(DR) in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) in Nanjing area. Methods A cross-sectional survey method was adopted. A total of 578 elderly patients(The data is sourced from a tertiary grade A hospital in Nanjing area). with T2DM who visited our hospital from October 2023 to October 2025 were selected. They were divided into the occurrence group and the non-occurrence group based on whether they had DR. The epidemiological characteristics were analyzed, and the influencing factors of DR were analyzed through multivariate Logistic regression. Results There were no statistically significant differences in gender, age, smoking history, drinking history, body mass index, family history of diabetes, hyperlipidemia, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood uric acid, and blood creatinine between the occurrence group and the non-occurrence group(P>0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the duration of T2DM, glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c), history of hypertension, whether diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DPN) was present, and whether regular medication was taken between the two groups(P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that a T2DM duration of more than 10 years, HbA1c level greater than 7.5%, a history of hypertension, the presence of DPN, and non-compliance with medication were risk factors for DR in elderly T2DM patients(P<0.05). Conclusion The risk of DR is relatively high among elderly T2DM patients in this area. The onset of DR is closely associated with T2DM duration over 10 years, HbA1c >7.5%, hypertension history, concomitant DPN and irregular medication. Clinically, close attention should be paid to the above high-risk populations, and individualized preventive interventions should be actively implemented to minimize the incidence of DR and protect patients' physical and mental health.