昌平区儿童青少年近视率现状调查与年级趋势分析

Objective To map the five-year post-intervention myopia prevalence among kindergarten-to-high-school students in Changping District and verify whether the grade-linked upward gradient persists. Methods During October 2024 to November 2024, 3,609 students aged 5.5～18.0 years were double-screened with logarithmic visual acuity charts and auto-refractors via cluster-stratified sampling. The Cochran-Armitage trend test and the zero-inflated negative binomial mixed model were used to analyze the grade effect to clarify the association strength and changing pattern between grade and the occurrence of myopia. Results The overall myopia rate among children and adolescents in Changping District was 57.58%, with 5.56% in kindergartens, 43.29% in primary schools, 75.89% in junior high schools, 87.20% in general high schools, and 75.18% in vocational high schools, academic senior high 87.20%, vocational senior high 75.18%. Higher grades positively correlated with prevalence(χ2 trend=142.361, P<0.001). The 6-year-old group showed 2.29%, down 7.09 percentage points compared with 2023(χ2=4.852, P=0.028). Conclusion Grade-level differences remains the key intervention gap; junior and senior high rates markedly exceeded municipal targets, warranting intensified outdoor light exposure and behavioral modification during mid-schooling years.