青少年儿童用眼卫生情况的横断面研究

Abstract: Objective This study aims to explore the impact of factors such as children’s reading behavior, frequency of refractive examinations and family history of myopia in children, to provide evidence for the myopia prevention and control. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 290 children aged 6～14 who visited the ophthalmology clinic of our hospital from November 2023 to November 2024 were selected. A questionnaire was used to investigate the children’s reading behavior, the frequency of refractive examinations and family myopia status. Results There were statistical differences between the myopic group and the non-myopic group in terms of maintaining correct reading and writing postures, continuous close range eye time, outdoor activity time, and whether to tilt the head while reading (P＜0.05). Among them, the proportion of children with anisometropia who had the habit of tilting their heads was significantly higher than that of children without anisometropia, and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). There were no statistical differences between the two groups in terms of rest after long term close eye use, electronic product usage, and the frequency of close range eye use while walking or taking a bus. There was no statistical difference in the frequency of refractive examinations between the two groups of children. The family myopia status of children in the non-myopic group was less than that in the myopic group (P＜0.05). Conclusion Under the gene-environment interaction framework, reducing near-work burden, ensuring sufficient outdoor light exposure, and monitoring family history can lower the risk of onset and progression of myopia, head-tilting during reading suggests potential anisometropia requiring prompt intervention to prevent asymmetric binocular development.