艾滋病流行病学特征与控制策略进展

Abstract：Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) remains a major global public health challenge, with the dynamic evolution of its epidemiological characteristics and control strategies being a persistent research focus. Although the widespread use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly reduced mortality and delayed disease progression, the ongoing transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the complexity of prevention systems continue to pose severe challenges. Currently, global HIV infection exhibits multidimensional epidemiological trends: sexual transmission has become the primary route, with notably high infection rates among men who have sex with men, the proportion of infections among middle-aged and elderly populations is rising, creating new prevention challenges, and regional disparities are stark, with sub-Saharan Africa still bearing two-thirds of the global infection burden. Meanwhile, drug resistance due to viral mutations (eg, rising dolutegravir resistance rates) and inequitable treatment access further exacerbate control difficulties. China’s 2024-2030 AIDS Containment and Prevention Plan and similar policy documents emphasize achieving goals through comprehensive interventions like community mobilization, targeted population screening, and mother-to-child transmission blocking. However, structural barriers such as uneven resource allocation, social discrimination, and policy obstacles continue to hinder full progress in prevention and control. This article reviews the current status and advancements in HIV/AIDS prevention and control strategies as follows.