上海铁路地区客运乘务人员甲型流感病毒免疫球蛋白M抗体检测结果分析

Abstract: Objective This study systematically analyzed the positive rate of influenza A virus-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies and its influencing factors among passenger train crew in the Shanghai railway area using a seroepidemiological survey approach, aiming to provide a scientific basis for developing influenza A prevention and control strategies in the railway sector. Methods Based on purposive sampling principles and considering the dispersion of work locations and variability in work schedules, on-duty passenger crew members from three duty points in Shanghai were selected as the study sample before the 2025 Spring Festival travel season. Standardized online questionnaires were distributed, and venous blood samples were collected from participants who completed the survey. Serum influenza A virus IgM antibody levels were detected using the colloidal gold method, and data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0. Results Among them, 81 tested positive for serum influenza A virus IgM antibodies, resulting in a positive rate of 16.46%. The results indicated that demographic characteristics (age, gender), occupational exposure factors (type of crew service), and immunization measures (influenza vaccination status) were statistically significantly associated with the positive rate of influenza A IgM antibodies (P＜0.05). Conclusion Among the 492 passenger train crew members in the Shanghai railway area, those aged below 25, female, high-speed rail crew members, and those unvaccinated against seasonal influenza exhibited a higher positive rate of serum influenza A virus IgM antibodies (P＜0.05). Railway passenger transport units should strengthen health protection measures for crew members in enclosed work environments to effectively reduce occupational exposure risks. Additionally, crew members without vaccination contraindications should be encouraged to receive influenzaA vaccinations, and multiple measures should be implemented to establish an effective prevention and control barrier.