老年2型糖尿病患者营养风险筛查及其与膳食摄入，糖化血红蛋白的关系

Objective To investigate the nutritional risk status of elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and analyze its relationship with dietary intake structure and glycated hemoglobin level. Methods 120 elderly patients with type 2 diabetes admitted from January 2020 to December 2024 were selected as the research objects. Nutritional risk was assessed with the nutritional risk screening scale(NRS 2002). Dietary intake data were collected through the 3-day 24 hour dietary review method. Daily total energy and macronutrient intake were calculated, and glycated hemoglobin levels were detected. Patients were divided into a nutritional risk group(≥3 points) and a non-nutritional risk group(<3 points) according to the nutritional risk score. The differences in dietary intake and glycated hemoglobin were compared between the two groups. Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the relationships between nutritional risk and dietary intake as well as glycated hemoglobin. Results Among the 120 elderly patients with type 2 diabetes, 46 cases were at nutritional risk, and their total energy, protein and dietary fiber intake were lower than those of the non-nutritional risk group(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in fat energy supply ratio and carbohydrate energy supply ratio between the two groups(P>0.05). The glycated hemoglobin level was higher in the nutritional risk group. Through multiple regression analysis, it was found that low protein intake, low dietary fiber intake and high glycated hemoglobin level were independent risk factors of nutritional risk in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(P<0.05). Conclusion Elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have a higher incidence of nutritional risk, which is related to inadequate dietary intake and poor glycemic control. Clinical attention should be paid to the nutritional screening and intervention of this kind of population to reduce their nutritional risk.