乡镇儿童计划免疫接种率影响因素分析及干预效果评价

Objective To analyse factors influencing childhood immunization coverage rates in township and evaluate intervention effectiveness. Methods A cohort of 349 children registered at Houjiachuan Town Health Centre, Huining County, between January 2024 and June 2025 was selected. Participants were categorised into a vaccinated group(298 cases) and an unvaccinated group(51 cases) based on completion of the prescribed immunization schedule. Questionnaire surveys were conducted to analyse factors influencing vaccination uptake. Unvaccinated children were randomly assigned to an observation group(n=26) and a control group(n=25). The control group received routine management, while the observation group underwent targeted interventions. Vaccination rates and parental vaccine knowledge levels were compared between groups. Results Factors promoting vaccination included timely attendance for vaccinations, parental educational attainment, and household monthly income ≥3 000 yuan. Parental migration for work, travel time ≥20 minutes, and concerns about adverse reactions reduced vaccination rates(P<0.05). The observation group achieved a vaccination rate of 96.15%, significantly higher than the control group's 76.00%(P<0.05). Post-intervention, the observation group demonstrated superior improvement in guardians' vaccine knowledge scores compared to the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion Immunization coverage among rural children is influenced by household characteristics, service accessibility, and parental perceptions. Targeted interventions effectively increase vaccination completion rates among unvaccinated children and enhance parental understanding of vaccines.