分析医院监测的出生缺陷的流行态势并提出干预对策

Objective Examine the prevalence trend of birth defects monitored in hospitals and propose intervention measures. Methods Data of 449,635 perinatal infants monitored by the hospital during the period from 2015 to 2024 were selected for the study. The analysis indicators covered the number of perinatal infants, the proportion of perinatal infants born to elderly and young parturients, the incidence of birth defects, and the infant mortality rate caused by birth defects. At the same time, sorted out the main types and incidence rates of birth defects in each year, clarified the distribution characteristics of birth defect types, and compared the data of different years to deeply explore the changing trends of birth defect indicators and analyze their prevalence trend. Results From 2015 to 2024, the number of perinatal infants showed a downward trend. The proportion of perinatal infants born to elderly parturients increased year by year, while the proportion of perinatal infants born to younger parturients remained relatively stable. The incidence of birth defects has generally been on the rise, increasing from 3.27 per thousand in 2015 to 18.85 per thousand in 2024. The number of infant deaths caused by birth defects has shown a significant downward trend. Among the major types of birth defects in each year, the incidence of congenital heart disease and polydactyly has long been at the forefront, with a marked increase in incidence. Conclusion Against the backdrop of negative population growth, the increase in the proportion of elderly parturients is associated with the rising incidence of birth defects, and the main types of birth defects are relatively concentrated. It is necessary to strengthen the pre-pregnancy and pregnancy management of elderly pregnant women, carry out targeted screening and intervention for birth defects, optimize fertility services, reduce the risk of birth defects, and lower the infant mortality rate.