甲乙型流感早期临床特征以及实验室检测在早期识别中的作用

Objective To analyze the early clinical characteristics and the early diagnostic efficacy of laboratory tests for influenza A and B. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 120 patients with respiratory infection symptoms who visited the hospital from January 2024 to March 2025 and underwent influenza antigen testing were selected as the study group, while 50 individuals undergoing routine health check-ups during the same period were selected as the control group. Early symptoms(within 72 hours of onset) and laboratory test results were collected to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of various laboratory indicators. Results In the study group, there were 78 cases of influenza A, which were included in the influenza A group, and 42 cases of influenza B, which were included in the influenza B group. The baseline data of the three groups were well-balanced and comparable(P>0.05). The early symptoms of influenza A and B were primarily fever, cough, and fatigue. The influenza A group exhibited a higher incidence of high fever and myalgia compared to the influenza B group, while nausea and vomiting were less common in the influenza A group than in the influenza B group(P<0.05). Influenza A and B patients had lower white blood cell count(WBC), lymphocyte count(LYM), neutrophil count(NEU), and lymphocyte to monocyte ratio(LMR) levels, but higher neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio(NLR) and C-reactive protein(CRP) levels than the controls(P<0.05). The influenza A group also showed lower LYM and higher NLR than the influenza B group(P<0.05). The AUC of NLR combined with CRP was higher than that of any single indicator, demonstrating optimal diagnostic efficacy. Conclusion The early symptoms of influenza A and B exhibit differences, which can preliminarily distinguish the types of influenza. The combination of NLR and CRP in laboratory tests demonstrates the highest diagnostic efficacy, and its integration with symptoms aids in early disease identification.