斯钙素2对骨肉瘤微环境的影响及其在肿瘤免疫逃逸中的作用

Osteosarcoma, as the most common primary malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents, has a highly heterogeneous microenvironment that plays a crucial role in tumor progression and immune escape. Stanniocalcin 2(STC2) is a secreted glycoprotein that is significantly upregulated in osteosarcoma tissues and is closely associated with a poor prognosis in patients. STC2 remodels the tumor microenvironment through multiple mechanisms, including promoting angiogenesis, regulating extracellular matrix remodeling, and inducing metabolic reprogramming. Meanwhile, STC2 plays an important role in immune evasion by suppressing the function of effector immune cells,recruiting immunosuppressive cell subsets,and upregulating the expression of immune checkpoint molecules, thereby establishing an immunosuppressive microenvironment. A complex interactive regulatory network exists between microenvironmental alterations and immune evasion, with STC2 acting as a key hub molecule coordinating these processes. A deeper understanding of STC2-mediated microenvironment remodeling and immune evasion mechanisms provides a theoretical foundation and potential therapeutic targets for the development of novel treatment strategies for osteosarcoma.