涂片检查在临床微生物检验中的应用分析

Objective This study aimed to explore the effectiveness of pathogenic microorganism smear examination in clinical microbiology testing, with the goal of providing a more cost-effective reference for clinical test results. Methods 90 patients who visited our hospital between March 2024 and March 2025 and required microbial specimen collection were selected. Microbial specimens were obtained using standardized methods, and the detection of clinical microorganisms was performed using smear microscopy and bacterial culture. Results A total of 90 samples were collected from 90 subjects. Among them, sputum samples accounted for the most(33, 36.7%), followed by urine samples(21, 23.3%). Analysis showed that 84 of the 90 samples were qualified, with a qualification rate of 93.3%. Of the 84 qualified specimens, 48 were positive and 36 were negative. In the smear method, 40 were true positives and 24 were true negatives; in the culture method, 45 were true positives and 34 were true negatives. The sensitivity, specificity and accuraly of smear method were lower than those of culture method, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). Analysis of each sample type revealed that the positive rates of sputum and urine were lower in the smear method than in the culture method, but the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05). However, in the detection of pleural effusion, ascites, and pus, the positive concordance rates of the two methods were consistent. Conclusion Smear examination can provide test results more quickly and is simple to operate, but its reliability may be slightly lower than that of the culture method. Combining the two methods may provide more efficient information for clinical diagnosis and has certain potential for wider application.