皮肤过敏性疾病患者过敏原检测与临床特征的关系分析

Objective This study mainly focuses on the relationship between allergen detection and clinical characteristics in patients with allergic diseases,aiming to provide a theoretical basis for clinical diagnosis of allergic diseases.Methods A total of 1,398 patients with allergic diseases who visited the department of dermatology of our hospital from June 2023 to April 2025 were selected as the research objects.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to detect the expression level of Immunoglobulin G(IgG),and chemiluminescence immunoassay was used to detect serum specific IgE(sIgE) antibody(including inhaled mixed allergens,mold mixture,Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus,dermatophagoides farinae,common ragweed,mugwort,milk,etc).Results Among 1,398 patients with allergic diseases,578 patients(41.34%) had elevated IgG levels,while 820 patients(58.66%) had normal IgG levels.There was a significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05).The average level of IgG in patients with elevated IgG was 2,572.40 mg/dL,while the average level of IgG in patients with normal IgG was only 697.98 mg/dL,and the difference between the two groups was significant(P<0.05).The top three allergens of patients with allergic diseases were inhaled mixed allergens 154(11.02%),food mixed allergens 92(6.58%),mold mixed inhaled allergens 37(2.65%).There was a significant difference in the number of patients with allergic diseases caused by different allergens(P<0.05).The clinical symptoms of mixed food allergens,mixed inhalation allergens,and mold mixed inhalation allergens were not consistent,including skin symptoms(pruritus,dermatitis,etc.) and alopecia related symptoms,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).There were significant differences in the treatment costs of food mixed allergens,mixed inhaled allergens,and mold mixed inhaled allergens between the groups(P<0.05).Conclusion There are differences in IgG level,number of patients,clinical symptoms and treatment costs among patients with allergic diseases caused by different allergens.Therefore,the detection of allergens is the key premise of individual diagnosis and treatment of allergic diseases.