盂肱关节囊厚度、肩袖间隙血流信号对冻结肩的诊断价值

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of the thickness and difference of the glenohumeral joint capsule combined with rotator cuff interval blood flow signals in the diagnosis of frozen shoulder. Methods A retrospective case-control study was conducted, including 186 frozen shoulder patients admitted from April 2022 to August 2025 as the frozen shoulder group, and 186 healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations during the same period as the healthy control group. All subjects underwent a shoulder joint ultrasound examination, measuring the thickness and thickness difference of the glenohumeral joint capsule. Color Doppler flow imaging was used to evaluate the blood flow signals in the rotator cuff space, and the differences in various indicators between the two groups were compared. Multivariate Logistic regression model was used to integrate three ultrasonic indicators and establish a combined diagnastic model. The individual and combined diagnostic efficacy of the three indicators was evaluated through receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve analysis, and the area under the curve(AUC), sensitivity, and specificity were calculated. Results The thickness of the glenohumeral joint capsule on the affected side in the frozen shoulder group was greater than that on the healthy side, and the difference in thickness in the frozen shoulder group was higher than that in the healthy control group, with statistical significance(P<0.05). The frozen shoulder group had more patients with blood flow signals than the healthy control group, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the thickness of the glenohumeral joint capsule ≥ 2.65 mm(OR=4.823, 95%CI: 2.135～10.895), thickness difference ≥ 0.65 mm(OR=18.326, 95%CI: 8.451～39.745), and blood flow signal(OR=15.894, 95%CI: 7.218～34.998) were independent risk factors for frozen shoulder(P<0.05). The ROC curve showed that the AUC of the combined diagnosis was higher than other individual diagnoses. The specificity of the combined diagnosis was higher than other individual diagnoses. The sensitivity of joint diagnosis(89.78%) is higher than that of diagnosis of glenohumeral joint capsule thickness(77.96%) and blood flow signal(80.65%) for individual diagnosis. Conclusion Thickening of the glenohumeral joint capsule, increased thickness difference, and blood flow signals in the rotator cuff space are important ultrasound signs for diagnosing frozen shoulder. The combined application of the three can significantly improve the diagnostic efficacy of ultrasound for frozen shoulder.