经皮微创与开放型椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折疗效比较

Objective To analyze and compare the effects of open pedicle screw fixation and percutaneous minimally invasive pedicle screw fixation in patients with thoracolumbar fractures. Methods Sixty patients with thoracolumbar fractures were selected as the research subjects, and their hospitalization treatment period was from January 2021 to January 2025. They were divided into two groups using a random number table method, with 30 cases in the control group and 30 cases in the study group. The control group chose open pedicle screw treatment and the study group chose percutaneous minimally invasive pedicle screw internal fixation treatment, and surgical related indicators, pain levels at different time periods, and changes in vertebral anterior edge height and Cobb angle before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. Results The surgical incision, intraoperative blood loss, and surgical operation time of the study group were(8.25±1.36) cm,(90.42±10.85) mL, and(65.16±12.81) min, respectively, which were significantly lower than those of the control group(13.08±1.97) cm,(474.42±17.42) mL, and(109.46±19.28) min, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the Visual Analog Scale(VAS) scores of the study group were significantly lower at 1 week and 1 month after surgery(P<0.05). Compared with the control group after treatment, the anterior vertebral height of the study group was significantly higher(P<0.05), and the Cobb angle of the posterior convexity was significantly smaller(P<0.05). Conclusion Compared with open surgery, percutaneous minimally invasive surgery is not only simple and convenient to treating patients with thoracolumbar fractures, but also has minimal trauma and postoperative pain, which can significantly improve vertebral deformities.