甲状腺抗体在自身免疫性甲状腺疾病检测中的应用

Thyroid peroxidase antibody(TPOAb) is an important marker for autoimmune thyroid disease(AITD), playing a key role in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and progression monitoring of conditions such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease. This article systematically reviews the immunological mechanism, epidemiological characteristics and population distribution of TPOAb, focusing on its pathogenic mechanism in AITD and the relationship between TPOAb positivity and changes in thyroid function. Based on the evolution of current mainstream detection methods, the article analyzes the technical features and practical limitations of TPOAb testing in terms of methodological performance, standardization, reference interval establishment, and laboratory quality control. From clinical and public health perspectives, it evaluates the value of TPOAb in early disease identification, auxiliary diagnosis, and condition monitoring, and explores its applicability in population screening, pregnancy management, and interventions for highrisk groups. The article also summarizes the limitations of existing detection systems regarding sensitivity, specificity, and consistency in clinical interpretation, and proposes future research directions such as strengthening standardization, promoting multimarker combined testing, integrating bioinformatics, and developing artificial intelligence–assisted diagnostic approaches, with the aim of improving the efficiency of TPOAb testing in the precise prevention and control of AITD and enhancing its public health significance.