天津河东区社区百白破疫苗防控百日咳的效果研究

Objective To explore and analyze the pertussis prevention and control effect of the diphtheria-tetanuspertussis(DTP) vaccine in community public health institutions in Hedong District, Tianjin(as diphtheria and tetanus have remained low in incidence in the local area, this study focuses on pertussis), aiming to provide a basis for optimizing community infectious disease prevention and control strategies. Methods Diphtheria incidence data from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2024, in Hedong District, Tianjin, were collected and analyzed using descriptive epidemiological methods to examine the relationship between incidence trends and prevention measures. Results From 2017 to 2024, the DTP vaccination rate among children aged 0～6 years in Hedong District, Tianjin, showed a fluctuating trend, with the 2024 rate significantly higher than other years(P<0.05). The DTP vaccination rate exhibited an overall declining trend from 2017 to 2021 and an increasing trend from 2022 to 2024. The number and incidence rate of pertussis cases in Hedong District, Tianjin, from 2017 to 2024 displayed phased changes: a slow rise from 2017 to 2019, reaching a peak in 2019, a significant decline period from 2020 to 2021, a significant rise from 2022 to 2023, and a notable decline from 2023 to 2024. In 2024, the incidence rate dropped significantly compared to 2023 but remained higher than that in 2022 and previous years. The pertussis incidence rate in Hedong District, Tianjin, was significantly higher than other years in 2023, ranking second in 2024, and third in 2019(P<0.05). Except for the identical incidence rates in 2020 and 2021, statistically significant differences were observed in pertussis incidence rates among other years(P<0.05). Conclusion Vaccination with the DTP vaccine can play a positive role in enhancing pertussis prevention and control. Community public health institutions should intensify vaccination promotion efforts and implement comprehensive prevention, control, and emergency response measures to effectively curb pertussis outbreaks.