职业健康体检中粉尘作业人员肺功能检查的有效性探讨

Abstract: Objective To explore the effectiveness of conducting pulmonary function tests for dust-exposed workers during occupational health examinations. Methods From January to December 2024, dust-exposed workers who participated in occupational health examinations at the time of leaving their posts or during their employment were selected from Meizhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital as the research subjects. A total of 518 examinees were included. All the dust workers who participated in the study underwent pulmonary function tests using pulmonary function detectors during their occupational health check-ups. Results Among the 518 dust workers who were on duty or off duty, a total of 171 had abnormal lung function after pulmonary function tests. In terms of gender, the incidence of abnormal lung function among male and female examinees showed no statistically significant difference (P＞0.05). In terms of dust types, the dust types that dust workers with abnormal lung function were exposed to mainly include other dust, foundry dust, tin and its compound dust, etc. In terms of dust-exposed working years, the incidence of abnormal lung function among physical examinees with less than 5 years, 5～10 years, and more than 10 years of dust-exposed working years is similar. The probability of abnormal lung function in dust workers with a smoking history is higher than that in physical examinees without a smoking history (P＜0.05). Abnormal lung function was positively correlated with smoking history (P＜0.05). Conclusion In occupational health examinations, it was found that the occurrence of abnormal lung function among dust workers is mainly related to their smoking history.