2014-2023年西安市莲湖区学生肺结核流行病学特征分析

Objective To analyze the distribution characteristics and incidence of tuberculosis in schools in Lianhu District, Xi'an City, and to provide a scientific basis for the creation of tuberculosis-free campuses and the prevention and control of tuberculosis in schools under the new situation, and to prepare for the effective reduction of tuberculosis epidemic in schools. Methods The school tuberculosis cases in Lianhu District from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2023 were collected, and the epidemiological analysis was carried out according to the school tuberculosis cases and school daily surveillance reports that were treated by epidemiological investigation. Results From 2014 to 2023, a total of 185 students were diagnosed in Lianhu District, accounting for 5.16% of the total incidence of tuberculosis in the district, overall, the incidence rate of tuberculosis in school showed a downward trend. From 2017 to 2019, due to the high incidence of tuberculosis screening for new students, the annual case occurrence showed 2 small peaks, mainly concentrated in March-May and September-October. There were cases reported in colleges and universities, high schools, junior high schools, primary schools and preschools, mainly concentrated in colleges and high schools, accounting for 75.13%, and the proportion of junior high school age groups showed an increasing trend. The discovery method is mainly passive discovery. The incidence rate in males was significantly higher than that in females, with a male-to-female sex ratio of 2.49:1. Conclusion The prevention and control of tuberculosis in schools in Lianhu District cannot be ignored, and it is necessary to raise awareness, strengthen the screening of tuberculosis for new students in middle schools and colleges and universities, pay special attention to the junior high school group, detect latent infections as soon as possible, carry out targeted health education and publicity, establish students' awareness of tuberculosis prevention, improve the knowledge awareness rate, and take further effective measures to avoid the outbreak of tuberculosis in schools.