1959-2022年南京市某区1034例职业性尘肺病流行病学特征回顾性调查分析

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of 1,034 patients with occupational pneumoconiosis in a district of Nanjing from 1959 to 2022, providing a scientific basis for developing prevention and control strategies. Methods A retrospective study was conducted to collect data on demographic characteristics, occupational exposure history, disease types, clinical outcomes, and enterprise features of 1,034 confirmed cases of occupational pneumoconiosis in the district from 1959 to 2022. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0. Results The study included 1,034 patients, comprising 84.2% males and 15.8% females. The average age was 83.0±9.5 years, with higher ages observed in females; male workers had significantly longer dust-exposure durations than females. Patients were predominantly employed in the electrical machinery manufacturing, non-metallic products, and coal mining industries. Silicosis accounted for the highest proportion of disease types(71.3%), with most patients working in medium-sized or state-owned enterprises. Survival rates and prognoses varied significantly across industries, disease types, enterprise sizes, and economic sectors, and there were statistically significant differences in dust-exposure durations among different disease categories(P<0.05). Conclusion Occupational pneumoconiosis patients in this district are predominantly old-aged males working in manufacturing and mining sectors, with silicosis being the predominant disease type. Enhanced prevention and control measures should be implemented in key industries and populations, along with improved occupational health management systems in enterprises to improve patient outcomes.