2021-2025年盱眙县重点人群碘营养监测结果分析

Objective The analysis of the iodine nutrition monitoring results of key populations in Xuyi County from 2021 to 2025 was conducted to comprehensively assess the iodine nutrition status of the population in Xuyi County and provide scientific basis for the continuous elimination of iodine deficiency disorders. Methods The iodine nutrition monitoring data of the population in Xuyi County from 2021 to 2025 were selected. The indicators included salt iodine level, salt iodine coverage and qualification status, thyroid enlargement indicators in children, urine iodine of children and pregnant women, and the rate of iodine supplementation among pregnant women. Based on the sample size data of 8-10-year-old children and pregnant women each year, the trend description and comprehensive analysis of the monitoring indicators were carried out. Results From 2021 to 2025, the coverage rate of iodized salt in Xuyi County was no less than 99.67%, and reached 100.00% during 2022-2025. The mean iodine content of edible salt ranged from 21.43 mg/kg to 25.60 mg/kg. The qualified rate of iodized salt and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt were both no less than 98.67%. The palpable goiter rate among children remained 0% for five consecutive years, while the ultrasound-detected goiter rate was 0.5% only in 2024. Median urinary iodine concentration(MUIC) among children ranged from 145.45 μg/L to 276.13 μg/L, and the proportion of children with urinary iodine<50 μg/L was 0.5～11.5%. Statistical tests showed that the detection rate of low urinary iodine in children in 2022 was significantly higher than that in the other four years, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). For pregnant women, the median urinary iodine concentration was 135.30 μg/L in 2021, 105.00 μg/L in 2022, and 161.88～170.35 μg/L from 2023 to 2025. There were significant differences in the median urinary iodine concentration of pregnant women across the five-year period(P<0.05). The urinary iodine levels of pregnant women in 2021 and 2022 were markedly lower than those from 2023 to 2025. The iodine supplementation rate among pregnant women remained at 100.00% from 2021 to 2024, and dropped to 96.00% in 2025; the difference in the iodine supplementation rate in 2025 compared with the previous four years was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion The implementation of salt iodization for iodine deficiency disorder prevention and control has been effective in Xuyi County, and the status of sustained elimination of iodine deficiency disorders has been maintained. From 2021 to 2025, the overall iodine nutrition of children was in an appropriate state, while pregnant women achieved adequate iodine nutrition from 2023 to 2025. Pregnant women had sub optimal iodine nutrition in 2021-2022. A periodic fluctuation with simultaneous decline of iodine nutrition was observed in both children and pregnant women in 2022. Interannual comparisons verified a markedly elevated risk of low iodine intake in this year. It is necessary to improve the iodine nutrition early-warning mechanism, strengthen health education targeting pregnant women, children and their guardians, continuously carry out quality supervision of iodized salt and routine monitoring, implement precise interventions against iodine nutrition fluctuations, and consolidate the achievements in eliminating iodine deficiency disorders.