2019-2024年都匀市水痘流行特征分析

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of varicella in Duyun City from 2019 to 2024, and provide a reference for optimizing varicella prevention and control measures as well as vaccination strategies in Duyun City. Methods Clinical diagnosis cases and confirmed cases of varicella in Duyun City from January 1, 2019 to December 31,2024 were collected through the China information system for disease control and prevention. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the characteristics of distribution in terms of time, place, and population. Results From 2019 to 2024, a total of 2,398 varicella cases were reported in Duyun City, with an average annual reported incidence rate of 78.25 per 100, 000 population. The incidence exhibited a seasonal bimodal distribution, with the first peak occurring from April to July and the second peak from October to January of the following year. Cases were reported in all sub-districts/towns of Duyun City during this period. The highest average annual incidence rate was in Shabaobao Sub-district(218.89 per 100,000), while the lowest was in Mochong Town(23.53 per 100,000). The male-to-female sex ratio was 1.32:1. Cases were primarily concentrated in individuals under 20 years of age. Students constituted the majority of cases, with 1,436 cases reported, accounting for 59.88% of the total. Eight varicella outbreaks were reported in Duyun City from 2019 to 2024, all occurring in urban primary and secondary schools and kindergartens. Conclusion The average annual reported incidence rate of varicella in Duyun City from 2019 to 2024 showed an overall trend of first decreasing and then increasing, with a seasonal bimodal distribution. The affected population consisted mainly of students. Surveillance and management of students should be strengthened, alongside enhancing education and awareness regarding varicella prevention and control. Increasing vaccination coverage is crucial to reducing the incidence rate of varicella.