人类免疫缺陷病毒核酸与抗体联合检测的临床应用价值分析

Objective Exploring the effectiveness of using human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) antibody combined with nucleic acid testing in rapid diagnosis of HIV infection. Methods The observation subjects of this article are 28 suspected HIV-infected patients, collected from July 2023 to April 2024. HIV nucleic acid testing, HIV antibody testing, and combined HIV nucleic acid and antibody testing were performed on the patients. The Western blot(WB) confirmation test results were used as the diagnostic gold standard to compare the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic window period of the three testing methods for diagnosing HIV infection. Results The WB confirmation test diagnosed 20 positive cases and 8 negative cases, the HIV nucleic acid test diagnosed 15 real positive cases and 5 real negative cases, the HIV antibody test diagnosed 14 real positive cases and 4 real negative cases, and the HIV nucleic acid and antibody combined test diagnosed 20 real positive cases and 8 real negative cases. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the HIV nucleic acid and antibody combined test for diagnosing HIV infection were 100.00%, 100.00%, and 100.00%, which were higher than those of the HIV nucleic acid test at 71.43%, 75.00%, and 62.50%, and the HIV antibody test at 64.29%, 70.00%, and 50.00%, respectively. The diagnostic window period of the HIV nucleic acid and antibody combined test(2.15±0.31) days was shorter than that of the HIV nucleic acid test(7.63±0.92) days and the HIV antibody test(21.52±1.86) days(P<0.05). Conclusion The combined detection of HIV nucleic acid and antibodies can quickly detect HIV infection, providing reliable evidence for subsequent treatment of the disease, and is worthy of research and promotion.