骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者椎体成形术后骨水泥渗漏的危险因素分析

Objective To analyze risk factors for postoperative bone cement leakage in patients with osteoporotic vertebro compression fractures undergoing vertebroplasty, providing references for individualized prevention strategies. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 165 patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures who underwent vertebroplasty in our hospital from October 2024 to October 2025. Their clinical data including age, gender, puncture route, surgical method, and the volume of bone cement injection were statistically analyzed for univariate analysis and multivariate regression analysis to identify the independent risk factors for bone cement leakage. Results Univariate analysis revealed that age, gender, disease duration, trauma, and hypertension were not associated with postoperative leakage(P>0.05). Surgical approach, cortical bone destruction, final plate destruction, posterior wall destruction, puncture pathway, bone cement injection volume, bone cement dispersion type, fracture compression degree, and local single vertebral kyphosis angle were identified as potential risk factors(P<0.05). The statistically significant factors from univariate analysis were further incorporated into a multivariate Logistic regression model. The results demonstrated that puncture pathway, bone cement injection volume, and local single vertebral kyphosis angle were significant risk factors for postoperative bone cement leakage(P<0.05). Conclusion These factors— puncture pathway, bone cement injection volume, fracture compression degree, and local single vertebral kyphosis angle—are risk factors for postoperative bone cement leakage in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. Preventive measures should include comprehensive preoperative evaluations and appropriate surgical technique selection to minimize leakage risks.