吸入麻醉药物的研究现状及最新进展

Inhalational anesthetics are drugs that enter the body in gaseous form through the patient's respiratory tract and exert an anesthetic role. Its core advantages include rapid onset, high controllability, and easy adjustment of the depth of anesthesia, with ideal effects on anesthesia induction and maintenance. In the process of general anesthesia, inhaled anesthetics can be used as an inducer to achieve rapid loss of consciousness and muscle relaxation, while during the anesthesia maintenance phase, the surgical stress response can be avoided. At present, the commonly used anesthetic drugs in clinical practice include isoflurane and sevoflurane, among which sevoflurane is favored because of quick recovery from anesthesia and less irritation. Although great progress has been made in the development and promotion of anesthetics in China, there are still challenges, especially with the growing number of minimally invasive surgeries and outpatient anesthesia cases in recent years. Inhaled anesthetics will be further optimized under the framework of precision medicine. This article mainly focuses on the principles of inhaled anesthetics, their mechanisms of action, their pharmacological characteristics and precision anesthetic technigues. At the same time, the application of new inhaled anesthetics in clinical practice and the effect of individualized medication are analyzed, so as to provide reference for the formulation of clinical anesthesia programs in the future.