新生儿重症监护病房中机械通气相关肺炎发生的影响因素

Abstract: Objective To investigate factors influencing the occurrence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods Clinical data were retrospectively collected from 106 neonates receiving mechanical ventilation in the NICU of Anhui Children’s Hospital between January 2023 and December 2024. Patients were divided into a VAP group (27 cases) and a non-VAP group (79 cases) based on whether VAP developed during ventilation. General characteristics, mechanical ventilation parameters, serum albumin levels, early antibiotic use, and gastroesophageal reflux incidence were compared between groups. Univariate analysis and Logistic regression identified VAP risk factors. Results Logistic regression analysis revealed that mechanical ventilation duration, intubation frequency, early antibiotic use, and gastroesophageal reflux were risk factors for VAP in mechanically ventilated neonates, while birth weight, gestational age, and human serum albumin levels were protective factors (P＜0.05). Conclusion Multiple factors influence the occurrence of VAP in mechanically ventilated neonates in the NICU. Prolonged mechanical ventilation duration, increased intubation frequency, early antibiotic use, and gastroesophageal reflux are major risk factors, while higher birth weight, full-term gestation, and elevated human serum albumin levels reduce the risk of VAP.