胶质母细胞瘤微环境CD4~+T细胞、CD8~+T细胞与CD133之间关系研究

Objective Through observation, the relationship between CD4-positive T lymphocytes [helper/inducer(CD4) T cells], suppressor/cytotoxic(CD8) T cells, and the CD4~+T cell/CD8~+T cell ratio with the transmembrane glycoprotein CD133 in the tumor microenvironment of glioblastoma patients was explored and studied. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 30 patients with glioblastoma(Group A) who were diagnosed between January 2023 and January 2025 at the Department of Imaging of Guiyang Second People's Hospital, where the location and size of the brain tumor were confirmed, and who subsequently underwent surgical resection by the Department of Neurosurgery followed by pathological biopsy and immunohistochemical detection. Additionally, a control group of 30 cases was established, consisting of 15 cases of low-grade gliomas(Group B) and 15 cases of normal brain tissue surrounding cerebral hemorrhage(Group C). Immunohistochemical staining was performed using CD4~+T cell, CD8~+T cell, and CD133 antibodies to examine the local tumor infiltration sites in Group A glioblastoma patients, as well as in Group B and Group C controls. The relationships between CD4~+T cell, CD8~+T cell, CD4~+T cell/CD8~+T cell ratio, and CD133 were observed, and further exploration and research were conducted to investigate their associations with tumor occurrence, location, and size. Results We found that helper/inducible(CD4), inhibitory/cytotoxic(CD8) T cells and monocytic phagocytes were involved in tumor immunity, with only a very small number of CD20-positive B cells involved, CD4~+T cell and CD8 T cells were positively correlated with monocytes macrophages, negatively correlated with tumor volume, and had no correlation with tumorigenesis sites, and CD4~+T cell/CD8~+T cell ratio both >1, indicating that the infiltrating CD4~+T cell subset in the tumor is higher than the CD8~+T cell subset. CD133 was strongly expressed in glioblastoma, decreased in low-grade glioma, and negative in normal brain tissue. There were significant differences in CD4~+T cell, CD8~+T cell and CD4~+T cell/CD8~+T cell between glioblastoma(group A) and low-grade glioma(group B), and significant differences in CD4~+T cell, CD8~+T cell and CD4~+T cell/CD8~+T cell between glioma grades(group A and B) and normal brain tissue(group C). There was a positive correlation between CD4~+T cell, CD8~+T cell and CD133 in groups A and B, but there was no significant difference between CD4~+T cell, CD8~+T cell and CD133 in group C. Conclusion CD133 is a molecular marker on the surface of glioma stem cells, and its positive expression is enhanced with the increase of glioma grade. CD4~+T cell and CD8~+T cell and monocyte macrophages are present in brain tumors and are likely to play a major role in the anti-tumor immune response.