黔东南地区孕妇产前诊断21-三体综合征的特征性分析

Objective To analyze the characteristics of prenatal diagnosis of 21-trisomy syndrome in pregnant women in the Qiandongnan region. Methods Pregnant women with singleton live pregnancies at 12～22 weeks of gestation who underwent prenatal diagnosis at the prenatal diagnosis center of our hospital from October 2023 to February 2025 were selected as the research subjects. The high-risk case registration form of the prenatal diagnosis center recorded the pregnant women's age, educational level, family history, and exposure to harmful substances in detail. The study evaluated the incidence of prenatally detected 21-trisomy syndrome in relation to maternal factors including ethnic group, age, educational level, family history, and history of adverse exposure during pregnancy in the Qiandongnan region. Results There was no significant difference in the incidence of fetal 21-trisomy syndrome among different ethnic groups(P>0.05). The incidence of fetal 21-trisomy syndrome showed an upward trend with increasing maternal age(P<0.05). The incidence of 21-trisomy syndrome in pregnant women with primary school education or below was significantly higher than that in other educational level groups(P<0.05). The incidence of 21-trisomy syndrome in pregnant women with a family history was significantly higher than that in those without a family history(P<0.05). Among pregnant women with a history of adverse exposure during pregnancy, the incidence of fetal 21-trisomy syndrome was significantly higher than the non-exposure group(P<0.05). Conclusion The risk of fetal 21-trisomy syndrome in the Qiandongnan region is associated with advanced maternal age, low educational level, family history, and history of adverse exposure during pregnancy.