某三甲综合医院人类免疫缺陷病毒检测结果分析与院感职业防控管理

Objective To investigate the human immunodeficiency (HIV) test results and the practical status of occupational protection against nosocomial infections in a Class III Grade A general hospital from January 2018 to December 2022. Methods A total of 186 patients with pending HIV infection diagnosis in a Class III Grade A general hospital from January 2018 to December 2022 were selected for HIV antibody testing. The HIV antibody confirmation test results, department distribution, detection pathways, and infection routes were statistically analyzed. Occupational protection measures against nosocomial infections were also formulated. Results From January 2018 to December 2022, among the 186 patients with pending HIV infection diagnosis, 133 cases (71.51%) were finally confirmed positive, 36 cases (19.35%) negative, and 14 cases (7.53%) had uncertain results, with 3 cases (1.61%) undergoing re-testing. In terms of patient types, inpatients accounted for 58.06%, and outpatients accounted for 41.94%. The top three departments for inpatients were the department of cardiology (12.04%), department of otolaryngology (8.33%), and department of infectious diseases (7.41%). In terms of detection scenarios, pre-transfusion testing accounted for 31.72%, pre-surgical testing 24.20%, pre-invasive procedure testing 20.43%, and sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic testing 19.89%. Among the 133 positive cases, same-sex transmission accounted for 66.92%, and heterosexual transmission accounted for 33.08%. Conclusion The number of HIV infection cases in a Class III Grade A general hospital in 2022 increased compared with 2018, mostly through same-sex transmission. Inpatient cases were distributed in various departments, with the cardiology, otolaryngology, and infectious diseases wards being the main distribution areas. Most cases were detected through pre-transfusion testing, STD clinic testing, and pre-invasive procedure testing. The implementation of occupational protection measures against nosocomial infections has achieved remarkable results.