超早产儿肺出血影响因素的Logistic 回归分析及预后观察

Objective To analyze the influencing factors and prognosis of pulmonary hemorrhage (PH) in extremely preterm infants. Methods A total of 188 cases of extremely preterm infants admitted to the neonatal medical center of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2023 to December 2024 were selected. They were divided into a non-PH group and a PH group based on whether PH occurred. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of PH and compare the prognosis. Results Among 188 cases of extremely preterm infants, there were 39 cases of PH, with an incidence rate of 20.74% (39/188). Compared with the group without PH, the PH group had lower 5-minute Apgar scores and birth weight (P＜0.05). The use rate of pulmonary surfactant (PS), as well as the case numbers of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), were all significantly higher (P＜0.05). Through multiple logistic regression analysis, it was found that 5-minute Apgar score was a protective factor for the occurrence of PH (P＜0.05), while the combination of early-onset sepsis (EOS) and PDA was a risk factor (P＜0.05). Compared with the group without PH (4.03%, 4.70%), the PH group had a higher incidence of death (23.08%) and intracranial hemorrhage (28.21%) (P＜0.05). Conclusion 5-minute Apgar score is a protective factor for PH in extremely preterm infants, while the combination of EOS and PDA is a risk factor. Children with PH have a higher mortality rate and incidence of intracranial hemorrhage.