小儿肝母细胞瘤影像、病理特征与临床治疗效果的研究

Objective This study aims to explore the role of imaging and pathological features in the diagnosis and treatment outcome assessment of hepatoblastoma in children. Methods A total of 60 children diagnosed with hepatoblastoma at our hospital from January 2022 to June 2025 were selected and included in the study after screening based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Computed tomography(CT) imaging and pathological examination were used to obtain relevant clinical data, and pretreatment staging(PRETEXT) staging and pathological typing were performed. The serum alpha-fetoprotein(AFP) levels of the children were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) before treatment and 6 months after treatment. T-test and analysis of variance were used to explore the differences in the protein content before and after treatment and among different stages, with P<0.05 considered statistically significant. Results Among the 60 study subjects, the male/female ratio was 36/24, with an average age of(1.9±1.3) years and an average weight of(13.6±2.3) kg. Pathological examination results showed that 18 cases were mixed type, 42 cases were pure epithelial type, including 8 cases of fetal type and 34 cases of embryonal type. CT examination results showed that there were 6 cases in stage I, 35 cases in stage II, 12 cases in stage III, and 7 cases in stage IV. ELISA results indicated that the AFP levels before treatment were significantly higher than that after treatment and increased with the stage. After 6 months of follow-up, the levels significantly decreased, with particularly significant recovery in stages I and II. Conclusion Hepatoblastoma patients can be diagnosed through PRETEXT staging and pathological typing by CT imaging and pathological examination, respectively. PRETEXT staging and the serum AFP levels can effectively predict the treatment outcome.