2019-2024年深圳市石岩街道儿童社区获得性肺炎血清或咽拭子病原检测结果分布特征分析

Objective To observe the changes in pathogen detection among hospitalized children with communityacquired pneumonia(CAP) in Shiyan Street, Shenzhen from 2019 to 2024. Methods Retrospective collection of data from 4,009 hospitalized children with CAP at Shanyan People's Hospital in Bao'an District. From 2019 to 2021, 1,026 cases were tested for five pathogen immunoglobulin M(IgM) antibodies using the serum colloidal gold method. From 2022 to 2024, 2,983 cases were tested for 17 respiratory pathogen nucleic acids using multiplex PCR technology. Results The positive rates differed significantly between the two stages(37.62% vs. 90.18%). In the serological stage, mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP) had the highest detection rate in 2019(28.99%), while adenovirus(ADV) accounted for a higher proportion in 2020-2021. In the nucleic acid stage, mixed infections accounted for 61.38%. MP detection rate reached 46.18% in 2023, and haemophilus influenzae(HI) became the most frequently detected bacterium in 2024(35.66%). MP detection increased with age, peaking at 62.69% in school-age children, though 8.41% was also detected in infants. HI was highest in the infant group(31.07%). MP was more frequently detected in summer and autumn, while respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) had a relatively higher detection rate in spring(21.76%). Conclusion In this specific area of Shiyan Street, MP was the most frequently detected pathogen among hospitalized CAP children, with a peak in 2023, and HI was an important bacterial pathogen in infants. Pathogen detection was influenced by age, season, and epidemic prevention and control policies. The detection methods differed between the two stages, and results should not be directly compared. Clinical interpretation requires consideration of methodological characteristics.